|
Name: Thomas Joseph Gaynor
|
|
RESEARCHED DEFINITION (provide
short internet researched definition and URL link)
|
DESCRIBE THE RELEVANCE OF THE
RESEARCHED TERM TO YOUR OWN PRODUCTION PRACTICE?
|
|
SOUND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
|
Foley Artistry
|
“A Foley Artist is a person who creates (or re-creates) sounds for movies.”
|
Foley Artistry is when a piece of
music has been done up and remade with better quality software’s e.g.
when a game has a remake but they want
older tracks in it
|
|
Sound Libraries
|
“a
collection of sounds stored on file (for example on CDs, DVDs, or as digital
audio files)”
|
Music that have been organized into
categories e.g. what they can be used for and genre
|
|
|
SOUND FILE FORMATS
|
Uncompressed
|
“(Of data) not
compressed.”
|
A file that is still in the editing
software and isn’t just in a MP3 file or something that would be a compressed
file
|
|
.wav
|
“a WAV file is uncompressed audio”
|
A file that can be opened up with sound
editing software and can then be edited further. This can be compressed at a
later date e.g. a reaper save
|
|
|
.aiff
|
“An AIFF file contains the raw audio data,
channel information (monophonic orstereophonic), bit depth, sample rate, and
application-specific data areas.”
|
An aiff is uncompressed audio file
mainly used on apple products as it was made by them. This allows you to loop
the sound allowing for repetitive background music
|
|
|
.au
|
“AU files contain three parts:
the audio data and text for a header (containing 24 bytes) and an annotation
block.”
|
.au is a basic audio file that is
used for UNIX systems
|
|
|
.smp
|
A smp file is an application that
allows you to use different instruments digitally. I would use this because I
don’t know how to use an actual instrument
|
||
|
Lossy Compression
|
“Refers to data compression techniques
in which some amount of data is lost. Lossy compression technologies attempt to eliminate
redundant or unnecessary information.”
|
When a piece of music is being
compressed but not all the tune is being put on so that you can save space
and memory for the game
|
|
|
.mp3
|
“MP3 (MPEG-1
Audio Layer-3) is a standard technology and format for compressing a sound
sequence into a very small file (about one-twelfth the size of the
original file) while preserving the original
level of sound quality when it is played.”
|
This is a compressed piece of audio
that can be placed inside of the game or transported into reaper
|
|
|
AUDIO LIMITATIONS
|
Sound Processor Unit (SPU)
|
“A sound card (also
known as an audio card) is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates economical input and output of audio
signals to
and from a computer under control of computer programs.”
|
A sound card allows your computer to
process sound files and play them through external sources this allows us to
listen to the sound files
|
|
Digital Sound Processor (DSP)
|
“Digital sound
processors consists of equalizers, bass restoration processors and expanders,
line drivers, crossovers, and factory radio sound processors.”
|
A DSP is a microprocessor that measure, filter and/or compress analogue
signals
|
|
|
Random Access Memory (RAM)
|
“RAM (pronounced
ramm) is an acronym for random access memory, a type of
computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the
preceding bytes.”
|
RAM is data saved by the computer
that stays on even after a software is closed allowing for quick access for
if you need it soon but will slow your computer down like in case I need to
quickly open up my game from the save
|
|
|
Mono Audio
|
“Mono audio is an Accessibility feature that makes sure, even if you're
hard of hearing or deaf in one ear, you never miss a word, note, or sound
when listening to your iPhone or iPad with a headset on. Typical stereo audio includes
distinct left and right channels, so different ears get different sounds”
|
This makes it so that sounds
produced by both headsets are the same allowing even someone deaf in one ear
hear perfectly
|
|
|
Stereo Audio
|
“In stereophonic sound more
channels are used (typically two). You can use two different channels and
make one feed one speaker and the second channel feed a second speaker (which
is the most common stereo setup). This is used to create directionality,
perspective, space.”
|
This makes it so that sounds
produced by both headsets are different allowing the music to have a lot more
depth
|
|
|
Surround Sound
|
“A system of
stereophony involving three or more speakers surrounding the listener so as
to give a more realistic effect.”
|
This is when three or more speakers
are surrounding you allowing you to feel surrounded by the sound and hear
everything like you were there
|
|
|
Direct Audio (Pulse Code Modulation – PCM)
|
“Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a digital
representation of an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the
analog signal at regular intervals. The sampled analog data is changed to,
and then represented by, binary data. PCM requires a very accurate clock.”
|
PCM are wave signals that let the
computer turn raw audio into sound files so the speakers can process them.
Before a file gets turned into an MP3 it is usually an PCM
|
|
|
AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEMS
|
Analogue
|
“When used in
reference to data storage and transmission, analog format is that in which
information is transmitted by modulating a continuous transmission signal, such as amplifying a
signal's strength or varying its frequency to add or take away data.”
|
Analogue is when a signal goes from
one medium to the next while keeping its basic change, which is noticeable in
sound
|
|
Digital Mini Disc
|
“The MiniDisc's main
claim to fame is that it is (and always has been) recordable.”
|
A mini disc can be used to transport
music between the computers and from the recording studio
|
|
|
Compact Disc (CD)
|
“CDs store 74
minutes of music in a nearly indestructible form and have the advantage of
being a digital
format, but until fairly
recently you could not record on a CD.”
|
A CD can do the exact same as a mini
disc except it can hold much more sound
|
|
|
Digital Audio Tape (DAT)
|
“DAT (Digital Audio Tape) is a standard
medium and technology for the digital recording of audio on tape at a
professional level of quality. ADAT drive is a digital tape recorder
with rotating heads similar to those found in a video deck.”
|
This is a tape recorder that is used
by professionals for higher quality recording
|
|
|
MIDI
|
“a widely used
standard for interconnecting electronic musical instruments and computers”
|
A MIDI is used to make music or
sounds. I would use this when I am trying to make and alter sound files for
music and dialogue
|
|
|
Software Sequencers
|
“A music sequencer (or
simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can
record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information
in several forms, typically CV/Gate, MIDI, or Open Sound Control (OSC), and
possibly audio and automation data for DAWs and plug-ins.”
|
A software sequencer that we used would be reaper, using this allowed
us to alter and create sounds
|
|
|
Software Plug-ins
|
“Software plug-in is an add-on for a program
that adds functionality to it.”
|
A plug in can be used in software to
add alterations to sound we used these in reaper to create sound effects and
music
|
|
|
MIDI Keyboard Instruments
|
“A Musical
Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) keyboard is a musical instrument like a piano keyboard.
The MIDI portion indicates that the instrument has a communication protocol
built in that allows it to communicate with a computer or other MIDI-equipped
instrument.”
|
The software in reaper was a
keyboard that allowed us to click to make tunes but a MIDI Keyboard Instruments
would allow you to record as you play
|
|
|
AUDIO SAMPLING
|
File Size Constraints - Bit-depth
|
“Bit depth is the
number of bits used to carry the data in each sample of audio.”
|
Bit depth is the size of the sound
which is related to the quality of the sound the higher the bit depth the
better quality but this will also increase the size so depending on what you
are using the sound file for depends of what bit depth you need
|
|
File Size Constraints - Sample Rate
|
“Sample rate is the
number of samples of audio carried per second, measured in Hz or kHz (one kHz
being 1 000 Hz).”
|
Sample rate controls the maximum
frequency heard when creating sound waves, this would be useable when I want
to change the frequency of my sounds for my game
|
Improved Version
|
Name: Thomas Joseph Gaynor
|
|
RESEARCHED DEFINITION (provide
short internet researched definition and URL link)
|
DESCRIBE THE RELEVANCE OF THE
RESEARCHED TERM TO YOUR OWN PRODUCTION PRACTICE?
|
|
SOUND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
|
Foley Artistry
|
“A Foley Artist is a person who creates (or re-creates) sounds for movies.”
“Foley effects are sound effects added to the film during
post production (after the shooting stops). They include sounds such as
footsteps, clothes rustling, crockery clinking, paper folding, doors opening
and slamming, punches hitting, glass breaking, etc.”
|
Foley Artistry is when a piece of
music has been done up and remade with better quality software’s e.g.
when a game has a remake but they want
older tracks in it
|
|
Sound Libraries
|
“a
collection of sounds stored on file (for example on CDs, DVDs, or as digital
audio files)”
“A
sample library is a
collection of digital sound recordings, known as samples, for
use by composers, arrangers, performers, and producers of music. The sound files are
loaded into a sampler—either hardware or software-based—which is then used to
create music.”
|
Music that have been organized into
categories e.g. what they can be used for and genre. This
would allow me to easily access the files I need for later making my files
much easier to access which would simplify things for later.
|
|
|
SOUND FILE FORMATS
|
Uncompressed
|
“(Of data) not
compressed.”
|
A file that is still in the editing
software and isn’t just in a MP3 file or something that would be a compressed
file. Uncompressed files can be used in reaper
this allows for me to create and edit new sound files for later.
|
|
.wav
|
“a WAV file is uncompressed audio”
“the WAV was
derived from the RIFF (resource interchange file format), which stored data
in indexed chunks”
|
A file that can be opened up with
sound editing software and can then be edited further. This can be compressed
at a later date e.g. a reaper save. While having
a Wav file you will be able to edit the file even more for when you need it
so it’s good to keep the file even after you have compressed it.
|
|
|
.aiff
|
“An AIFF file contains the raw audio data,
channel information (monophonic orstereophonic), bit depth, sample rate, and
application-specific data areas.”
“AIFF is short for Audio Interchange File
Format, which is an audio format initially created by Apple Computer for
storing and transmitting high-quality sampled audio data. It supports a variety
of bit resolutions, sample rates, and channels of audio. This format is quite
popular upon Apple platforms, and is commonly adopted in professional
programs that handle digital audio waveforms.”
|
An aiff is uncompressed audio file
mainly used on apple products as it was made by them. This allows you to loop
the sound allowing for repetitive background music
|
|
|
.au
|
“AU files contain three parts: the audio data and text for a
header (containing 24 bytes) and an annotation block.”
|
.au is a basic audio file that is
used for UNIX systems. This sound files was made
by Sun, it uses the U-law.
|
|
|
.smp
|
Short
for Symmetric Multiprocessing, a computer architecture that provides fast performance by making
multiple CPUs available
to complete individual processes simultaneously
(multiprocessing).
|
A smp file is an application that
allows you to use different instruments digitally. I would use this because I
don’t know how to use an actual instrument, so this would be a great help by
replacing my
|
|
|
Lossy Compression
|
“Refers to data compression techniques
in which some amount of data is lost. Lossy compression technologies attempt to eliminate
redundant or unnecessary information.”
Lossy
compression reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain information,
especially redundant information. When the file is uncompressed, only a part
of the original information is still there (although the user may not notice
it). Lossy compression is generally used for video and sound, where a certain
amount of information loss will not be detected by most users.
|
When a piece of music is being
compressed but not all the tune is being put on so that you can save space
and memory for the game
|
|
|
.mp3
|
“MP3 (MPEG-1
Audio Layer-3) is a standard technology and format for compressing a sound
sequence into a very small file (about one-twelfth the size of the
original file) while preserving the original
level of sound quality when it is played.”
“The
great attraction of the MP3 format is its ability to compress files, making
it a convenient, versatile and very popular way of storing music.”
|
This is a compressed piece of audio
that can be placed inside of the game or transported into reaper, this can be very useful when making the game because
I can keep on editing these files when I want and save them again when I need
to put them inside the game
|
|
|
AUDIO LIMITATIONS
|
Sound Processor Unit (SPU)
|
“A sound card (also
known as an audio card) is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates economical input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.”
“The SPU is the unit responsible
for all aural capabilities of the psx. It
handles 24 voices, has a 512kb
sound buffer, has ADSR envelope filters for
each voice and lots of other
features.”
|
A sound card allows your computer to
process sound files and play them through external sources this allows us to
listen to the sound files.
|
|
Digital Sound Processor (DSP)
|
“Digital sound
processors consists of equalizers, bass restoration processors and expanders,
line drivers, crossovers, and factory radio sound processors.”
“A Digital Signal Processor, or
DSP, is a specialized microprocessor that has an architecture which is
optimized for the fast operational needs of digital signal processing.”
|
A DSP is a microprocessor that measure, filter and/or compress analogue
signals. DSP are meant to increase the speed of
the digital signal that produces sound waves allowing for the sound to okay.
|
|
|
Random Access Memory (RAM)
|
“RAM (pronounced
ramm) is an acronym for random access memory, a type of
computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the
preceding bytes.”
RAM (random access memory) is the
place in a computer where the operating
system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they
can be quickly reached by the computer's processor.
|
RAM is data saved by the computer
that stays on even after a software is closed allowing for quick access for
if you need it soon but will slow your computer down like in case I need to
quickly open up my game from the save
|
|
|
Mono Audio
|
“Mono audio is an Accessibility feature that makes sure, even if you're
hard of hearing or deaf in one ear, you never miss a word, note, or sound
when listening to your iPhone or iPad with a headset on. Typical stereo audio includes
distinct left and right channels, so different ears get different sounds”
“The difference is
in the number of channels (signals) used. Mono uses one”
|
This makes it so that sounds
produced by both headsets are the same allowing even someone deaf in one ear
hear perfectly.
|
|
|
Stereo Audio
|
“In stereophonic sound more
channels are used (typically two). You can use two different channels and
make one feed one speaker and the second channel feed a second speaker (which
is the most common stereo setup). This is used to create directionality,
perspective, space.”
“True stereophonic sound systems
have two independent audio signal channels, and the signals that are
reproduced have a specific level and phase relationship to each other so that
when played back through a suitable reproduction system, there will be an
apparent image of the original sound source”
|
This makes it so that sounds
produced by both headsets are different allowing the music to have a lot more
depth to it. This would allow for a more
realistic feeling because you would be able to hear different noises from
both sides that mean the sound would correspond to what’s happening around
you.
|
|
|
Surround Sound
|
“A system of
stereophony involving three or more speakers surrounding the listener so as
to give a more realistic effect.”
Surround
sound is a term used to describe a type of audio output in which the sound
appears to "surround the
listener" by
360 degrees. Surround sound systems use three or more channels and speakers in front and behind the
listener to create a surrounding envelope of sound and directional audio
sources.
|
This is when three or more speakers
are surrounding you allowing you to feel surrounded by the sound and hear
everything like you were there. Surround sound
gives you a greater experience when
you are watching something and playing games e.g. it makes the atmosphere
while playing games far more tense such as when playing a jump scare game
because the noise will come from all around you.
|
|
|
Direct Audio (Pulse Code Modulation – PCM)
|
“Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a digital
representation of an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the
analog signal at regular intervals. The sampled analog data is changed to,
and then represented by, binary data. PCM requires a very accurate clock.”
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is the
standard form of digital
audio in computers, Compact Discs, digital telephony and other digital audio
applications.
|
PCM are wave signals that let the
computer turn raw audio into sound files so the speakers can process them.
Before a file gets turned into an MP3 it is usually an PCM. A PCM is what a file is when it is being streamed
from the microphone to something that can process and make the file.
|
|
|
AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEMS
|
Analogue
|
“When used in
reference to data storage and transmission, analog format is that in which
information is transmitted by modulating a continuous transmission signal, such as amplifying a
signal's strength or varying its frequency to add or take away data.”
“A description of a continuously variable signal or a circuit ordevice designed to handle such signals. The opposite is "discrete" or " digital".”
|
Analogue is when a signal goes from
one medium to the next while keeping its basic change, which is noticeable in
sound
|
|
Digital Mini Disc
|
“The MiniDisc's main
claim to fame is that it is (and always has been) recordable.”
In terms of function, think of
Minidisc as a cross between CD and cassette. Like cassette you can record
from any audio source and playback through headphones or a home HiFi. Like CD
the audio is stored digitally, the sound quality is excellent, and you can
easily skip to your favorite track. Unlike either CD or cassette you can edit
the recorded audio to your heart's content, dividing it into tracks, naming
tracks and moving them around, and deleting what you no longer need.
|
A mini disc can be used to transport
music between the computers and from the recording studio. A minidisk does not have that much memory in comparison
to many of the newer ways to transport music.
|
|
|
Compact Disc (CD)
|
“CDs store 74
minutes of music in a nearly indestructible form and have the advantage of
being a digital format,
but until fairly recently you could not record on a CD.”
A compact disc [sometimes spelled disk] (CD) is a small, portable, round medium made of molded
polymer (close in size to the floppy
disk) for electronically recording, storing, and playing back audio, video,
text, and other information in digital form.
|
A CD can do the exact same as a mini
disc except it can hold much more sound, until
recently you could not use a CD to transport music but you can now buy blank
CDs that can do it.
|
|
|
Digital Audio Tape (DAT)
|
“DAT (Digital Audio Tape) is a standard
medium and technology for the digital recording of audio on tape at a
professional level of quality. ADAT drive is a digital tape recorder
with rotating heads similar to those found in a video deck.”
Digital Audio Tape (DAT or R-DAT) is a signal recording and
playback medium developed by Sony and introduced in 1987. In appearance it is similar to a Compact Cassette, using 3.81 mm /
0.15" (commonly referred to as 4mm) magnetic
tape enclosed in a protective
shell, but is roughly half the size at 73 mm × 54 mm ×
10.5 mm. As the name suggests, the recording is digital rather than analog.
|
This is a tape recorder that is used
by professionals for higher quality recording
|
|
|
MIDI
|
“a widely used
standard for interconnecting electronic musical instruments and computers”
“MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
is a protocol developed in the 1980's which allows electronic instruments and
other digital musical tools to communicate with each other.”
Short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, MIDI is a standard
for digitally representing and transmitting sounds that was first developed
in the 1980s. The MIDI sound is played back through the hardware device or
computer either through a synthesized audio sound or a waveform stored on the
hardware device or computer.
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/midi.htm
|
A MIDI is used to make music or
sounds. I would use this when I am trying to make and alter sound files for
music and dialogue.
|
|
|
Software Sequencers
|
“A music sequencer (or
simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can
record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance
information in several forms, typically CV/Gate, MIDI, or Open Sound Control
(OSC), and possibly audio and automation data for DAWs and plug-ins.”
“In digital audio recording, a
sequencer is a program in a computer or stand-alone keyboard unit that puts
together a sound sequence from a series (or sequence) of Musical Instrument
Digital Interface ( MIDI ) events (operations). The MIDI sequencer
allows the user to record and edit a musical performance without using an
audio-based input source.”
|
A software sequencer that we used
would be reaper, using this allowed us to alter and create sounds. We used this to make the sounds for my games, I can
edit all different things to make it suitable for what I want e.g. changing
my voice into a roar or making shooting and footsteps
|
|
|
Software Plug-ins
|
“Software plug-in is an add-on for a program
that adds functionality to it.”
“Plug-in
applications are programs that can easily be installed and used as part of
your Web browser.”
|
A plug in can be used in software to
add alterations to sound we used these in reaper to create sound effects and
music. I used different ones to make my
music/sound effects vary from being musical to mechanical and a few others
such as spooky sounds
|
|
|
MIDI Keyboard Instruments
|
“A Musical
Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
keyboard is a musical instrument like a piano keyboard. The MIDI portion
indicates that the instrument has a communication protocol built in that
allows it to communicate with a computer or other MIDI-equipped instrument.”
A MIDI keyboard is
typically a piano-style user
interface keyboard device used for sending MIDI signals or commands over a USB or
MIDI cable to other devices connected and operating on the same MIDI protocol
interface.
|
The software in reaper was a
keyboard that allowed us to click to make tunes but a MIDI Keyboard
Instruments would allow you to record as you play
|
|
|
AUDIO SAMPLING
|
File Size Constraints - Bit-depth
|
“Bit depth is the
number of bits used to carry the data in each sample of audio.”
“The
most important practical effect of bit depth is that it determines the
dynamic range of the signal. In theory, 24-bit digital audio has a maximum dynamic
range of 144 dB, compared to 96 dB for 16-bit but today's digital audio converter
technology cannot come close to that upper limit.”
|
Bit depth is the size of the sound
which is related to the quality of the sound the higher the bit depth the
better quality but this will also increase the size so depending on what you
are using the sound file for depends of what bit depth you need
|
|
File Size Constraints - Sample Rate
|
“Sample rate is the
number of samples of audio carried per second, measured in Hz or kHz (one kHz
being 1 000 Hz).”
“The
rate of capture and playback is called the sample rate. The sample size—more
accurately, the number of bits used to describe each sample”
|
Sample rate controls the maximum
frequency heard when creating sound waves, this would be useable when I want
to change the frequency of my sounds for my game
|